IP_ImP

1.IP Loopback Address : 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address in IP. Loopback is a test mechanism of network adapters. Messages sent to 127.0.0.1 do not get delivered to the network. Instead, the adapter intercepts all loopback messages and returns them to the sending application. IP applications often use this feature to test the behavior of their network interface.

2.As with broadcast, IP officially reserves the entire range from 127.0.0.0 through 127.255.255.255 for loopback purposes. Nodes should not use this range on the Internet, and it should not be considered part of the normal Class A range.

3.Zero Addresses: As with the loopback range, the address range from 0.0.0.0 through 0.255.255.255 should not be considered part of the normal Class A range. 0.x.x.x addresses serve no particular function in IP, but nodes attempting to use them will be unable to communicate properly on the Internet.

4.Private AddressesThe IP standard defines specific address ranges within Class A, Class B, and Class C reserved for use by private networks (intranets). The table below lists these reserved ranges of the IP address space.
Class
Private start address Private finish address
A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

5.IPv6 Address TypesIPv6 does not use classes. IPv6 supports the following three IP address types: unicast multicast anycast.Multicast addresses in IPv6 start with 'FF' (255) just like IPv4 addresses. Anycast in IPv6 is a variation on multicast. Whereas multicast delivers messages to all nodes in the multicast group, anycast delivers messages to any one node in the multicast group. Anycast is an advanced networking concept designed to support the failover and load balancing needs of applications.

6.
Class Host address range Network address Default mask
A 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 x.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
B 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 x.x.0.0 255.255.0.0
C 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 x.x.x.0 255.255.255.0

7.SUBNETS:a subnetwork, or subnet, is a portion of the network's computers and network devices that have a common, designated IP address routing prefix.e.g., 255.255.255.0 is the subnet mask for the 192.168.1.0 network with a 24-bit routing prefix (192.168.1.0/24). The subnet identifier consists of the remaining bits in a subnet's prefix after the network identifier. In the cited example, 192.168.0.0 is the network identifier (and 255.255.0.0 the network mask) and "1" is the subnet identifier

8. A classful network is a network that has a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0 or 255.255.255.0.

9.Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation: For example, 192.0.2.96/24 indicates an IP address where the first 24 bits are used as network address (same as 255.255.255.0).